One of the most profound chapters in the Bible is Hebrews 11. In forty verses, the author carries the reader, as it were, on time travel back to the beginning of time to show the thread that holds believers of all ages together. From the righteous Abel to the saints of the early church, through to our own time, all believers are united by one common trait: faith. In verse 6 of the chapter, he writes, “And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.” The conclusion then is straightforward: you are not a Christian if you do not have faith.
With this context in mind, the obvious question is, what is faith? The amazing news is that God does not leave us to grope our way to the answer. Instead, right at the beginning of the chapter, he provides the definition, which reads, “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.”
Not only does God define faith, but he also provides real-life examples to drive home the point. The world often characterises faith as irrational or a leap into the dark, while some Christians make it so subjective that it often appears as a mystery. But that is not how the writer of Hebrews approaches the topic. Faith can be examined independently and objectively to determine if it is biblical.
Against this backdrop, I now focus on examining what is characterised as faith in many Christian circles in Ghana today. As a people, Ghanaians are very religious. According to government statistics, nearly 70% of the population identify as Christians. It is not an exaggeration to say that there is a church within 500 meters in all the major cities of Ghana, and most are packed on any given Sunday. As I survey the Ghanaian Christian landscape, a question that continues to linger in my mind is, how does the faith of the average Ghanaian Christian compare with the biblical faith described by the author of Hebrew?
The Nature of Biblical Faith
In Hebrews 11:1, we read, “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.” Two things stand out in this definition. First, there is an assurance of things hoped for, and second, a conviction of things not seen. Christians have certainty and assurance of what they hope for, but the verse also emphasises that the conviction of these things is not seen. There is a ‘futureness’ about what Christians look forward to.
This is even made more apparent when we consider the writer’s commentary on these heroes of faith. In verse 13, he writes,
“These all died in faith, not having received the things promised, but having seen them and greeted them from afar, and having acknowledged that they were strangers and exiles on the earth.”
Again, in 39-40, he notes, “And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, since God had provided something better for us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.”
How come all these great men and women of faith did not receive what was promised? Is it that God lied about his promises, or did they not have enough faith to obtain them? At least, that is what we are made to believe by some so-called “Men of God.” If you have faith, you should receive everything you want from God, thus turning ‘faith’ into a magical currency that might sway God’s hand. Neither position is tenable because it is not for nothing that Hebrews 11 has been described throughout the ages as the Hall of Faith – the men and women spoken about were real heroes of faith. And we also know that God can never lie. Therefore, the only position we are left to amend is our own understanding of what it means to have faith.
In verse 6, the writer states, “whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists.” This statement is quite profound because it teaches us that the starting point of biblical faith is not man but God. It is a belief in a sovereign God who accomplishes everything in accordance with his own purposes and timelines. Unfortunately, for many within the Ghanaian Christian community, the starting point of faith is not God, but their individual felt needs. God only happens to be the divine genie who exists to grant their wishes.
This is a far cry from the examples we see in Hebrews 11. Whether it was Noah, Abraham, Moses or Rahab, their faith was undergirded by a belief in the sovereignty of God. Each example paints a picture of submission to God’s agenda, not their own. They had a deep sense of assurance that God would do what was right for them. There was no doubt, but there was equally no presumption on their part that God must do what they want at all costs. Unfortunately, in many Christian circles in Ghana today, faith is seen as an end in itself. The way it is exercised is more akin to magic than biblical faith.
The Nature of Magic
The etymology dictionary defines magic as the “art of influencing or predicting events and producing marvels using hidden natural forces,” also “supernatural art,” especially the art of controlling the actions of spiritual or superhuman beings.” Unlike biblical faith, which has God as the starting point, in the case of magic, the starting point is the individual who wields power or control over the actions of the supernatural being.
As I observe and listen to many Christians in Ghana, it’s sad to say this is the understanding many people have about faith. Some go to the extent of claiming that God has no control over things that happen on the earth, because he has given that control to man. In some Christian circles, the Bible functions as a book of spells. Once a person can locate the right verse and repeat it multiple times, God is bound to grant whatever wish the individual has because he [God] has promised. The power lies with the individual, not with God.
But that is very different from the examples we see in Hebrews 11. In the case of Abraham, the writer tells us,
“By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to a place that he was to receive as an inheritance. And he went out, not knowing where he was going. By faith he went to live in the land of promise, as in a foreign land, living in tents with Isaac and Jacob, heirs with him of the same promise. For he was looking forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God” (Hebrews 11:8-10)
We see in these verses that the power did not lie with Abraham, instead, he submitted himself to the will of God to the extent that he left his country and kindred – a very comfortable life, to go and live in tents in the wilderness. Again, this is very different from the popular teaching that if we have faith in God, we will receive whatever we wish for.
The truth is that sometimes, the exercise of biblical faith is rather an embrace of hardship, as we see in the case of Moses. The author tells us, “By faith Moses, when he was grown up, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, choosing rather to be mistreated with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin. He considered the reproach of Christ greater wealth than the treasures of Egypt, for he was looking to the reward” (Hebrews 11:24-26).
In both the case of Abraham and Moses, faith was not like magic. They did not call the shots, and they did not presume to control the outcomes. Instead, they entrusted themselves to the providence of the sovereign God, who does whatever he pleases (Psalm 115:3). This is why the “name and claim” mantra cannot be described as exercise of biblical faith but an attempted magic, because within that framework the sovereignty lies with the individual rather than God.
This also accounts for the reason why there are so many unconverted people within our Ghanaian churches. These folks come to church not because they believed the gospel – God sending his Son to save mankind from their sin – instead, they come because they have a wish that needs granting. They have tried various options, but none have worked. And someone has told them to try Jesus. They would not necessarily describe themselves as Christians, but if they must, to have their wishes granted, so be it. Christianity is just another option they are trying out. This kind of approach is magic, not Christian faith. Therefore, you may want to examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith (2 Corinthians 13:5).
Right Approach to God’s Promises
At this point, I am sure many well-meaning Christians will be going gung-ho, ready to fire a barrage of verses which clearly promise that if we have faith, we will receive whatever we ask for in prayer (Matthew 7:7; 21:22, Mark 11:24; 1 John 5:14). But before you fire, I beg of you to hold for a second, and grant me a last request. Would you please attempt to reconcile the above verses with Hebrews 11:13 and Hebrews 11:39-40? Perhaps, you may also wish to consider the cases of Jesus in Mark 14:35-36 or Paul in 2 Corinthians 12:7-9.
The point is this: there is a right way to approach the promises of God. There are three considerations I believe we should keep in mind when we approach the promises of God. I have already touched on one of these earlier: the fact that the starting point of our faith should be God, not our felt needs. Like Jesus, when we entrust ourselves entirely to the sovereign will of God, our uttermost desire and prayer will be for his will to be done on earth as it is in heaven (Matthew 6:10). If the desire for your wish to be granted is greater than your concern for God’s will, there is a great chance your approach to God’s promises is wrong.
The second consideration is closely related to the first one. Everything God does, he does for the glory of his name, including the fulfilment of his promises to us. Therefore, you must always ask yourself, if God were to grant my heart’s desire, would it lead to the furtherance of his glory or the advance of my own pride and reputation? It doesn’t matter what verse you are quoting; if the motive of your prayer is to advance your own glory, God is not bound to grant that request. In James 4:1-4, the author tells his readers that God does not grant wishes with wrong motives regardless of what Scripture verse you back them with.
This is why biblical faith is utterly distinct from magic. With magic, it doesn’t matter who wields the wand; as long as they recite the correct incantation and have the right ingredients in the potion, an individual will get their wish, but not so with Christianity. I know there are those who would point to examples of people who supposedly have “named and claimed” God’s promises. I do not presume to offer an explanation to every such instance but suffice to say, God, in his common grace, causes his sun to shine even on those who do not believe (Matthew 5:45); therefore, receiving a good gift from God doesn’t necessarily mean an individual was exercising biblical faith.
The third and final consideration we should keep in mind is that true and ultimate fulfilment of God’s promises will not be in this broken world. This is the truth the author of Hebrews wanted his readers to keep in mind when he wrote, “And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, since God had provided something better for us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.” (Hebrews 11:39-40).
That is the conclusion of the matter. The men and women who exercised the greatest level of faith in the history of Christianity did not receive what was promised because all of them, like Abraham, were “looking forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God.” So, I encourage you to “look not to the things that are seen but to the things that are unseen. For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are unseen are eternal.”
